This is a type of cancer that decreases the production and function of our blood cells. It triggers from bone marrow, an integral source of blood production. There are three types of blood cells: red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) or platelets that are matured and developed by stem cells in our bone marrow. The growth of an abnormal type of blood cell interrupts the blood production process leading to cancer.
The various types of Blood Cancer are Leukemia, Lymphoma and Myeloma.
Leukaemia:
It is caused by the successive generation of abnormal blood cells in the bone marrow. These abnormal blood cells affect the bone marrow's ability of the production of red blood cells and platelets.
Lymphoma:
The lymphatic system which is responsible for excess fluid removal and production of immune cells gets affected by this type of blood cancer.
Myeloma:
White Blood Cells responsible for the generation of disease preventing antibodies get affected by this type of blood cancer. It inhibits the production of plasma cells leading to the weak immune system.
Signs and Symptoms :
The symptoms of blood cancer, affecting the blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system, includes Weakness, Fatigue, and Malaise, Shortness of breath, stress in body results in bone fractures, Body sweating during the night, easy or excessive bruising, Bleeding gums, Recurrent infections or fever, Sweating of body during night
Weight loss, Frequent vomiting sensations, Anorexia, Lymph node (gland) enlargement, Lumps or abdominal distension due to enlarged abdominal organs, Abdominal pain, Bone pain and Back pain, Abnormal bleeding in gums nose and cuts resulting in platelet count reduction. Headaches along with visual difficulties, the appearance of rashes on dark spots, Decreased urination and difficulty while urinating.
Causes of blood cancer:
Inspire that the specific reason for blood cancer is not to know, various factors are associated with its onset. Some causes are Aging, Family history, Weak immune system, and certain infections.
How does blood cancer start?
Our body is made up of small building blocks called cells. Our body is refreshing our cells every second by making new ones and destroying old ones. DNA, an important substance within our cells controls the development, behaviour and death of cells. DNA is built of small sections known as genes and packed into chromosomes within our cells.
If there is any change in DNA, the blood cells might continue to grow in an abnormal manner or may not die on time. These are the called as cancer cells. The type of blood cancer we may suffer from generally depends on the type of blood cell.
How does age affect my risk?
As we grow older, we are more prone to mutations that can lead to blood cancer, which means that blood cancers are more common in older people.
How does family history affect my risk?
Blood cancers are caused by abnormal DNA behaviour, however, it cannot be concluded that it occurs due passing of genes from parents to children. On there another hand, there is some evidence for some blood cancers in which it was found to be hereditary which increases our risk. But, it must be noted that it is unclear about blood cancer cause because of a genetic (gene) fault passed down by parents, or for some other reason.
Does radiation cause blood cancer?
There is certain evidence that suggests about linking of blood cancer with environmental factors such as radiation or chemical.
Is there anything I can do to prevent or lower my risk of blood cancer?
Unlike some other cancers, lifestyle factors such as our diet or levels of exercise have little effect on your risk of developing blood cancer. However, people are encouraged to lead a healthy lifestyle by the inclusion of a balanced diet and being physically active regularly. It can help us to reduce the risk of developing a range of diseases.
Your blood
Blood is your body’s transport, defence and communication system. It helps fight infection, carries nutrients (for energy), and sends messages to your body. Understanding how your blood an bone marrow work can help you understand what blood cancer is, how it affects your body, and how it’s treated. Your blood is made up of blood cells, which are made in your bone marrow. Each type blood cell has a particular job to do. Our body generates the right number of cells of each type if body if everything works normally. However, if there is a presence too few or too many types of blood cell, it can make us unhealthy.
What is blood for?
Your blood has many jobs:
Transport – it carries food, oxygen and proteins to different parts of your body. It also carries waste chemicals to your kidneys and lungs so they can get rid of them.
Defence – white blood cells are part of your immune system, which fights infections. This is the function that's most affected by blood cancer.
Communication – organs (such as your liver or stomach) release hormones into your blood which send messages to other organs.
Repair – blood contains cells and chemicals which can seal off damaged blood vessels and control blood loss.
What is blood made up of?
Your blood is made up of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets and plasma.
White blood cells (leukocytes)
These fight and prevent infection. There are five different types of white blood cell, which are lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophil ’s, and basophils.
There are some white blood cells that it can be helpful to know about when you’re finding out more about blood cancer:
T cells recognise infected cells and kill them or send instructions to that help your body to fight them. They’re sometimes called T lymphocytes.
B cells work with T cells to make antibodies that help clump around germs and trap them so other blood cells can come along and get rid of them. They’re sometimes called B lymphocytes.
Neutrophils are a type of granulocyte that helps the body fight bacterial infections. People with a lower number of neutrophils are more likely to develop bad infections more often and find it harder to fight them.
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
These contain a protein called haemoglobin, which carries oxygen from your lungs to all the tissues of your body. Your muscles, organs and other tissues need oxygen to produce energy from your food. It's more common to hear doctors talking about the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood than it is to hear them talking about the number of red blood cells.
Platelets (thrombocytes)
These stick together at the site of any tissue damage (like a cut) and stop bleeding.
Plasma
Blood plasma is the liquid part of blood that the blood cells move around in.
Bone marrow and how blood cells are made
Bone marrow is a spongy material found in the centre of some of your bones, such as the back of your hips. It's made up of blood vessels, fat, and tissue that makes blood cells (haemopoietic tissue).
How are blood cells made?
Our blood cells are built in our bone marrow as a type of cell called a stem cell.
The stem cells then split (divide) to create either lymphoid stem cells or myeloid stem cells.
Lymphoid stem cells develop to form lymphocytes (white blood cells that help fight infections)
Myeloid stem cells go on to form red blood cells, platelets and other types of white blood cells.
They then move from your bone marrow into your blood and other parts of your body where they develop into fully grown (mature) blood cells.
Treatment : -
The main aim of blood cancer treatment is the total eradication of cancer. Several therapies for blood cancer covers biological therapy to kill cancers,
Chemotherapy, Bone Marrow Transplantation, typically a procedure to replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells.
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